Cruz and Europa v. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources

[115] Interpellation of Aug. 20, 1997, 6:16 p.m., p. 00061. [116] Section 3 [a], IPRA. [117] Section 3 [b], IPRA. [118] Guide to R.A. 8371, p. 14. [119] Section 44 [e], IPRA. [120] Section 51, IPRA. [121] Guide to R.A. 8371, p. 15. [122] A CADT refers to a title formally recognizing the right of possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral domains identified and delineated in acordance with the IPRA--Rule II [c], Rules & Regulations Implementing the IPRA, NCIP Admin. Order No. 1. [123] Section 53 [a], IPRA. [124] A CALT refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of the ICCs/IPs over their ancestral lands-- Rule II [d], Implementing Rules, NCIP A.O. No. 1. [125] Section 52 [k], IPRA. [126] Section 3 [l], IPRA. [127] Section 11, IPRA. [128] Ibid. [129] 41 Phil. 935 (1909), 212 U.S. 449, 53 L.Ed. 594. [130] Sponsorship Speech of Senator Juan Flavier, Leg. History of SBN 1728, Tenth Congress, Second Regular Session, Oct. 16, 1996, p. 13. [131] It was the practice of the Spanish colonial government not to issue titles to Igorots--Owen J. Lynch, Jr., Invisible Peoples and a Hidden Agenda: The Origins of Contemporary Philippine Land Laws (1900-1913), 63 P.L.J. 249, 288 [1988], citing the testimony of Benguet Provincial Governnor William F. Pack, Records at 47, Cariño. [132] Maura Law or the Royal Decree of Feb. 13, 1894. [133] Later named Camp John Hay. [134] Lynch, Invisible Peoples, supra, at 288-289. [135] 7 Phil. 132 [1906].