271059/271347/E-02472/E-04036 Representative Edcel C. Lagman, substituted by Albay First District Representative Krisel B. Lagman, et al. Vs. The Congress of the Philippines, et al./Aquilino “Koko” Pimentel III and Pantaleo “Bebot” Alvarez Vs. Lucas P. Bersamin, in his capacity as executive secretary, and Amenah F. Pangandaman, in her capacity as secretary of the Department of Budget and Management/Filipinos for Peace, Justice and Progress Movement, Inc. (FPJPM), represented by its president and chairperson, Joseph F. Cadsawan, and Gloria T. Puzon, chapter Officer Vs. The House of Representatives, et al./Edgar R. Erice and Leila De Lima Vs. The Senate of the Philippines, et al. — Official PDF

Decision 35 G.R. Nos. 271059, 271347, E-02472 and E-04036 4. Create more jobs: promote investments, improve infrastructure, ensure energy security ' 5. Create quality jobs: increase employability, advance R&D and • innovation, enhance digital economy • , • , • • 6. Create green jobs: establish livable and sustainable communities, pursue a green and blue economy 7. Ensure a level playing field: strengthen market competition, reduce barriers to entry and limits to entrepreneurship 8. Uphold public order and safety, peace and security There are 11 major indicators, three of which are directly connected with the budget: annual rate of growth of Growth Domestic Product (GDP) rising from 6 to 7% in 2023 to 6.5 to 8% from 2024 to 2028; National Government (NG) Deficit to GDP ratio gradually brought down from 6.5% during the first half of2022 to 3% in 2028; Outstanding NG debt to GDP ratio also gradually reduced from 63. 7% in September 2022 to 51.1 % by end of 2028 . . The expenditure program is anchored, on. the .PDP. The budget is prepared within the context of the national long-tenn plan and of a long-term budget program, 171 and is formulated as part of the planning-programming- budgeting continuum. 172 The budget incorporates the programs and projects that the government intends to undertake for the fiscal year in consultation with all levels: national, regional, and local; 173 and is designed within the context of an overall fiscal program. 174 There are three principles guiding the whole budget process: First, Fiscal Discipline, or spending within the means or resources available to the government. Controlling government expenditures arid/or budget deficit within sustainable or manageable levels, through strategic medium-term fiscal planning. 175 Second, Allocative Efficiency, or spending money on the right things or right priorities. This entails prioritizing programs and projects under the National Budget in accordance with socioeconomic priorities. 176 • • • Third, Operational Efficiency, or obtaining the' best value for the money or resources available. Producing or delivering quality public 171 ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, Book VI, Chapter 2, sec. 3. Sec. 7 also provides: SECTION 7. long Term Budgeting. - The annual budgets of the national government shall be prepared as an integral part of a iong-tenn budget picture. The long-term economic and physical framework plans of government, multi-year requirements of approved programs and projects, organizational and personnel development strategies, and other commitments entered into or otherwise assumed by government shall be specified in the budget process. 172 ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, Book VI, Chapter 2, sec. 4. 173 ADMINISTRATIVI, CODE, Book VI, Chapter 2, sec. 6. 174 ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, Book VI, Chapter 2, sec. 4. 175 Detailed discussion on the Budget Process submitted by the OSG through its Subsequent Compliance dated March 17, 2026, p.3. 171, Id.